Complete List of Companies Developing a Coronavirus Vaccine & Treatment

Coronavirus Vaccine and Treatment

Published 11-May-2020. Last updated 28-June-2020.

Containment measures are being implemented around the world to limit the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19).

A coronavirus vaccine and drug treatment is the only way to prevent people from getting sick from the highly contagious virus.

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According to World Health Organization, there are approximately 42 pharmaceutical and biotech companies, including academic institutions who are persistently are rushing to create a coronavirus vaccine & treatment. At least four companies have already tested their experimental drugs on animals. Moderna, a biotech company in Massachusetts, has already shipped its first batches of the COVID-19 vaccine to the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

There is hope! Here is the list of companies that are tirelessly working on a cure that will help alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic.

We have compiled a complete list of companies that are currently developing a treatment and vaccine that will permanently eradicate the spread of COVID-19 pandemic.

Here’s the Complete List of Biotech and Pharmaceutical Companies Developing Treatment or Vaccines for COVID-19

Merck & Co.

Type: Treatment

Stage: Existing drug since 1961. Already available in pharmacies worldwide.

Name: Dexamethasone

Status: In March 2020, the RECOVERY trial was established as a randomised clinical trial to test a range of potential treatments for COVID-19, including low-dose dexamethasone (a steroid treatment). Over 11,500 patients have been enrolled from over 175 NHS hospitals in the UK. 14-June-2020 (Source)

About: Merck & Company is an American multinational pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Merck is incorporated in New Jersey.

Gilead Sciences Inc.

Type: Treatment

Stage: Phase 3 Trial Completed.

Name: Remdesivir

Status: Gilead Announces Results From Phase 3 Trial of Remdesivir in Patients With Moderate COVID-19. Study Demonstrates 5-Day Treatment Course of Remdesivir Resulted in Significantly Greater Clinical Improvement Versus Treatment with Standard of Care Alone. Data Add to Body of Evidence from Prior Studies Demonstrating Benefit of Remdesivir in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. 1-June-2020 (Source)

About: Gilead Sciences, Inc., is an American biotechnology company that researches, develops and commercializes drugs. The company focuses primarily on antiviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and influenza, including Harvoni and Sovaldi.

Moderna Inc.

Type: RNA-based coronavirus vaccine candidate

Stage: Phase 3

Name: mRNA-1273

Status: Moderna has finalized the Phase 3 study protocol based on feedback from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The randomized, 1:1 placebo-controlled trial is expected to include approximately 30,000 participants enrolled in the U.S. and is expected to be conducted in collaboration with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The trial’s primary endpoint will be the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 disease; key secondary endpoints include prevention of severe COVID-19 disease (as defined by the need for hospitalization) and prevention of infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. 11-June-2020. (Source)

About: Moderna, Inc. is a Cambridge, Massachusetts-based biotechnology company that is focused on drug discovery and drug development based on messenger RNA. The company creates synthetic mRNA that can be injected into patients to help them create their own therapies.

Sinovac

Type: Formaldehydeinactivated + alum

Stage: Phase 3 on going

Status: The phase I/II clinical trials were designed as randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled studies. In total, 743 healthy volunteers, aged from 18 to 59 years old, enrolled in the trials. Of those, 143 volunteers are in phase I and 600 volunteers are in phase II. There have been no severe adverse event reported in either the phase I or phase II trials. The phase II clinical trial results show that the vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies 14 days after the vaccination with a 0,14 day schedule. The neutralizing antibody seroconversion rate is above 90%, which concludes the vaccine candidate can induce positive immune response.

The Company expects to submit a phase II clinical study report and a phase III clinical study protocol to China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in the near future and commence application of phase III clinical trials outside of China. 13-June-2020. (Source)

About: Sinovac Biotech Ltd. is a biopharmaceutical company that focuses on the research, development, manufacture and commercialization of vaccines that protect against human infectious diseases. The company is based in Beijing, China. Sinovac’s commercialized vaccines include Healive, Bilive, Anflu, Panflu and PANFLU.1.

Inovio Pharmaceuticals (USA)

Type: DNA plasmid coronavirus vaccine Electroporation device

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: The next generation CELLECTRA 3PSP device is designed specifically for a COVID-19 type pandemic scenario. It is a small, portable, hand-held, user-friendly device that runs on readily available “AA” batteries. This allows for stockpiling of the device in quantity without maintenance. It is easy to use and is based on our current device with extensive history (over 6,000 administrations) which has received the CE mark and has an acceptable safety profile. The streamlined design also allows it to be readily produced at reduced costs and large scale.

About: Inovio Pharmaceuticals is an American biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of synthetic DNA products for treating cancers and infectious diseases.

Takis /Applied DNA Sciences / Evvivax

Type: DNA

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Applied DNA Sciences and Takis Biotech have designed four Covid-19 coronavirus vaccine candidates to help protect against the novel coronavirus. The companies plan to manufacture the DNA vaccine candidates using PCR-based DNA (LinearDNA) manufacturing systems for preclinical testing in animals. Last month, Applied DNA Sciences subsidiary LineaRx expanded its collaboration with Takis Biotech for the preclinical development of a LinearDNA Covid-19 coronavirus vaccine. The coronavirus vaccine candidates were created using the structure of the Spike protein that allows the coronavirus to bind and infect the host cells.

About: Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. is an American high-technology company based in Stony Brook, New York that develops and employs unique technologies for the purpose of preventing counterfeiting.

About: EVVIVAX is a spin-off of Takis Biotech, a company developing a number of Innovative Immunotherapies. EVVIVAX is at the forefront of nucleic-acid based therapies, process development, industrial scale production and clinical trial execution

Zydus Cadila

Type: DNA plasmid coronavirus vaccine

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Zydus had announced an accelerated research programme with multiple teams in India and Europe to develop the 2019-nCoV coronavirus vaccine. “But it (a breakthrough) is about four to six months away. We have to tackle this crisis. Let’s see if we can make an effectivecoronavirus vaccine,” he said. Zydus’s research involves two approaches. The first deals with development of a DNA vaccine against the major viral membrane protein responsible for the cell entry of the novel coronavirus. The second approach involves developing a live attenuated (or weakened) recombinant measles virus-vectored vaccine against Covid-19. The recombinant measles virus (rMV) produced by reverse genetics would express codon-optimised proteins of the novel coronavirus, and will induce long-term neutralising antibodies which will protect from the infection.

About: Cadila Healthcare Ltd is an Indian pharmaceutical company headquartered at Ahmedabad in Gujarat state of western India. The company is one of the leading pharmaceutical companies in India, with INR 119.05 Billion revenue. It is a manufacturer of generic drugs.

CureVac

Type: mRNA coronavirus vaccine

Stage: Successful vaccination results in its Rabies program

Name: Not yet disclosed

Status: CureVac has secured approval from the German Health Authority Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI) and the Belgian Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products (FAMHP) for Phase I clinical trial of its Covid-19 vaccine candidate, named CVnCoV. 18 June 2020 (source)

About: CureVac is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Tübingen, Germany, that develops therapies based on messenger RNA. The company’s focus is on developing vaccines for infectious diseases and drugs to treat for cancer and rare diseases.

Codagenix / Serum Institute of India

Type: Deoptimized live attanuated vaccines

Stage: Pre-Clinica

Status: Codagenix, Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing prophylactic vaccines and oncolytic virus therapies, today announced a collaboration with the Serum Institute of India to rapidly co-develop a live-attenuated coronavirus vaccine against the emergent coronavirus. There are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics for this novel coronavirus, now referred to as COVID-19. A live-attenuated coronavirus vaccine has multiple advantages, including mounting an immune response to multiple antigens of the virus and the ability to scale for mass production.

About: Codagenix Inc. is a clinical stage biotechnology company with coronavirus vaccine products against influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, and others currently under development. Codagenix uses a computer-based algorithm, called SAVE (Synthetic Attenuated Virus Engineering) to design viral genomes that are identical to the wild type strain at the amino acid level, but make less protein in human cells

About: Serum Institute of India is ranked as India’s No. 1 biotechnology company, manufacturing highly specialized life saving biologicals like vaccines using cutting edge genetic and cell based technologies, antisera and other medical specialties.

GeoVax / BravoVax

Type: MVA encoded VLP

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: GeoVax Labs, Inc. (GOVX), a biotechnology company developing human immunotherapies and vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer, today provided an update on its development of a coronavirus vaccine for prevention/control of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus. The update was given by GeoVax’s Chief Scientific Officer, Farshad Guirakhoo, PhD, during his presentation on emerging infectious diseases entitled “Development of Single Dose Vaccines for Emerging Infectious Diseases Using a Novel MVA Platform” at the World Immunotherapy Congress in San Diego, California.

About: GeoVax is a biotechnology company established primarily to develop an effective and safe coronavirus vaccine against HIV-1. Ultimately the company is to create vaccines for many serious human diseases for which none currently exist.

About: BravoVax Co., Ltd (BravoVax) is a “state level high-tech enterprise” established in the year 2012 and is specialized in the R&D, manufacturing and marketing of high quality human vaccines. In the span of six years, BravoVax has been awarded with various qualification and honors such as “Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for New Coronavirus Vaccine and Recombinant Protein”, “Hubei Provincial Enterprise Technology Center”,”Provincial-level Bio-safety Laboratory”, “Gazelle Enterprise of Wuhan City” (an honor awarded to fast-growth hi-tech companies with bright prospect).

Janssen: Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson

Type: Ad26 (alone or with MVA boost)

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Johnson & Johnson is mobilizing resources of its Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies in response to the outbreak to develop a possible preventive coronavirus vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2, leveraging Janssen’s AdVac® and PER.C6® technology, that provide the ability to rapidly upscale production of the optimal vaccine candidate. These are the same technologies that were used in the development and manufacturing of Janssen’s investigational Ebola vaccine, which is currently deployed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, and were also used to construct the Company’s Zika, RSV and HIV vaccine candidates.

About: Janssen Pharmaceutica is a pharmaceutical company headquartered in Beerse, Belgium and owned by Johnson & Johnson. It was founded in 1953 by Paul Janssen.

University of Oxford

Type: ChAdOx1

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: The Jenner Institute at the University of Oxford has agreed a contract with Italian manufacturer Advent Srl to produce the first batch of a novel coronavirus vaccine for clinical testing. The coronavirus vaccine ‘seed stock’ is currently being produced at the University’s Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, and will be transferred to Advent who will initially produce 1,000 doses for the first clinical trials of the vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.

About: Researchers across the University of Oxford are at the forefront of global efforts to understand the coronavirus (COVID-19) and protect our communities. From vaccine development to mapping, the work involves more than 20 departments from medicine to humanities.

Altimmune

Type: adenovirus-based NasoVAX

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Altimmune president and chief executive officer Vipin K Garg said: “With the spread of COVID-19 outside of China, including the first case of unknown origin in the United States, we have taken action to develop and make our coronavirus vaccine technology available to help address this crisis. “We believe that our intranasal vaccine technology is especially well suited to provide systemic protection against respiratory infections that affect the upper and lower airways and can therefore be a useful tool in preventing further spread of COVID-19. As such, we are actively engaged in discussions with a number of potential partners.”

About: Altimmune is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing treatments for liver disease and immune modulating therapies. Our diverse pipeline includes next generation peptide therapeutics for NASH (ALT-801) and chronic hepatitis B (HepTcell™), conjugated immunostimulants for the treatment of cancer (ALT-702) and intranasal vaccines (NasoVAX™ and NasoShield™).

Greffex

Type: Ad5 S (GREVAX™ platform)

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: A Houston-based genetic engineering company says it’s ready to start animal testing of its COVID19 coronavirus vaccine. “When will we have the vaccine? That’s the one everybody wants to know,” said Greffex President and CEO John Price.“Nobody wants to wait 18 months. Nobody.” Price said a coronavirus vaccine candidate is a vaccine that still has to go through testing in order to be widely available.

About: Greffex’s platform is the world’s most successful gene therapy delivery vehicle (vector) with broad applications for delivering treatments including vaccines, immune suppression and gene therapy.

Vaxart

Type: Oral Vaccine platform

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Vaxart, Inc. (NasdaqGS: VXRT), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing oral recombinant vaccines administered by tablet rather than by injection, announced today that it has initiated a program to develop a coronavirus vaccine candidate based on its proprietary oral coronavirus vaccine platform, VAAST. “Vaxart’s proprietary technology has been clinically proven in humans, and the ability to make an oral coronavirus vaccine to meet this current public health threat is very important to all of us at Vaxart,” said Sean Tucker, Ph.D., chief scientific officer of Vaxart. “The results of our recently published influenza challenge study demonstrated that our oral tablet coronavirus vaccine primarily protects through mucosal immunity, a potential key factor when targeting mucosal pathogens such as this new coronavirus.”

About: Vaxart, Inc. is an American biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of oral recombinant vaccines administered using temperature-stable tablets that can be stored and shipped without refrigeration, eliminating the need for needle injection.

CanSino Biologics

Type: Viral-vectored based

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Cansino Biologics Says Co & Institute Of Biotechnology, Academy Of Military Medical Sciences Jointly Developing Recombinant Novel Coronavirus Vaccine.

About: CanSino Biologics Inc. develops and manufactures biological vaccine products. The Company discovers quadrivalence meningococcal conjugate, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and adenovirus vector-based tuberculosis vaccines for human use.

ExpreS2ion

Type: Drosophila S2 insect cell expression system VLPs

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: ExpreS²ion has since its announcement on February 6^th, 2020 of initiating a vaccine development programme against COVID-19 worked diligently to progress on its project, including setting up consortia of viral research and clinical vaccine experts, which together with our ExpreS²protein production platform and our joint venture AdaptVac’s cVLP technology as core enabling technologies increase the likelihood of a unique vaccine with stronger and long lasting immune response. We are very proud of being part of this EU’s Horizon 2020 award, that supports our ambitious timeline of initiating clinical investigations within 12 months.

About: ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS is a fully owned Danish subsidiary of ExpreS2ion Biotech Holding AB with company register number 559033-3729. The subsidiary has developed a unique proprietary platform technology, ExpreS2, that can be used for fast and efficient preclinical and clinical development as well as robust production of complex proteins for new vaccines and diagnostics. Since the Company was founded in 2010, it has produced more than 250 proteins and 35 virus-like particles (VLPs) in collaboration with leading research institutions and companies, demonstrating superior efficiency and success rates.

WRAIR / USAMRIID

Type: S protein

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research director of Emerging Infectious Diseases Kayvon Modjarrad said: “The first phase of testing has already started: testing potential vaccines in mice to see what their response is and making sure it’s safe.” The second phase would focus on testing in larger animals that are more similar to humans, including monkeys.

About: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research is the largest biomedical research facility administered by the U.S. Department of Defense.

About: The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases is the U.S Army’s main institution and facility for defensive research into countermeasures against biological warfare.

Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc. / GSK

Type: S-Trimer

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has initiated a partnership with China-based Clover Biopharmaceuticals, in order to help develop its protein-based coronavirus vaccine candidate (COVID-19). GSK Vaccines chief medical officer Thomas Breuer said: “We are proud to contribute to cutting edge research from scientists at Clover Biopharmaceuticals in China as part of our strategy to make our adjuvant technology available to selected partners who have a promising vaccine candidate against the newly emerged coronavirus.”

About: GSK is a science-led global healthcare company with a special purpose: to help people do more, feel better, live longer. GSK is the leading manufacturer of vaccines globally.

About: China based Clover Biopharmaceuticals is a global, clinical-stage, research-based biotechnology company focused on discovering, developing and commercializing transformative biologic therapies, with a focus on oncology and autoimmune diseases, as well as viral vaccines. Having raised more than US$ 100 million in total capital since 2016, Clover is utilizing its proprietary Trimer-Tag^© technology platform to develop novel biologics targeting trimerization-dependent pathways. Additionally, Clover is leveraging its in-house cGMP biomanufacturing capabilities to develop select biosimilars.

Vaxil Bio

Type: Peptide

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Vaxil has applied for a US patent (U.S 62/987,310) on a coronavirus vaccine that is intended to provide broad patent protection for novel vaccines, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating and preventing an infectious disease as well as methods for producing a peptide vaccine against coronaviruses. The Company also announces that since our recent press release dated March 4, 2020, a further, $221,000 (“Warrant Proceeds”) has been received from the exercise of 2,210,000 warrants, having an exercise price of $0.10 per warrant, that were previously issued in January 2018 (“January 2018 Warrants”). Upon exercise of the warrants an additional 2,221,000 common shares of the Company will be issued.

About: Vaxil Bio is a cutting-edge Israeli biotech focused on immuno-oncology as innovative cancer treatments. Vaxil’s lead product, Immucin, has recently been granted “Orphan Drug Status” from both the FDA and the EMA agencies.

AJ Vaccines

Type: S protein

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Danish vaccine manufacturer AJ Vaccines has initiated the development of a new vaccine, effective for protection against coronavirus COVID-19. The vaccine candidate will use technology to raise strong immune responses while being well tolerated and to meet potential global demand in 2021.

About: AJ Vaccines produces and sells vaccines from the production site in central Copenhagen. The production is taken over from SSI, and was until January 2017 owned by the Danish Government. AJ Vaccines has thus taken over a company with a very proud history of vaccine manufacturing The vaccine manufacturing at the site started as early as 1902 when a serum against Diphteria was produced. Today AJ Vaccines still produces vaccine against Diphteria, besides vaccines that protects against Whooping Cough, Tetanus, Tuberculosis and Polio.

Generex / EpiVax

Type: Ii-Key peptide

Stage: Pre-Clinica

Status: Generex Biotechnology entered into a contract with EpiVax to leverage computational tools for identifying epitopes that can produce peptide vaccines against Covid-19. Generex will also use its NuGenerex Immuno-Oncology Ii-Key technology. EpiVax has detected multiple ‘hotspots’ in the amino acid sequences of coronavirus proteins. Generex will now use epitopes predicted by EpiVax to generate a series of synthetic amino acid peptides that can imitate the virus’ epitopes. These peptides will be sent to China for testing with blood samples of coronavirus patients who have recovered.

About: Generex Biotechnology is an integrated healthcare holding company with end-to-end solutions for patient centric care from rapid diagnosis through delivery of personalized therapies. Generex is building a new kind of healthcare company that extends beyond traditional models providing support to physicians in an MSO network, and ongoing relationships with patients to improve the patient experience and access to optimal care.

About: EpiVax is an immunology company and has developed comprehensive analytical capabilities in the field of computational immunology.

EpiVax / University of Georgia

Type: S protein

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: EpiVax and the Ross lab have applied to the NIH for additional funds to apply their rapid vaccine development process to the novel COVID-19 virus, recapitulating the proven success of the H7N9 program. At UGA, Dr. Ross’s lab is ready to get started, having already obtained the COVID-19 virus for testing. Working in the high-security containment facility, the Ross Lab can produce and test the reengineered vaccine, expecting to show that the optimized candidate is more effective at providing protection in animal models.

About: The University of Georgia is a public research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. Founded in 1785, it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States.

About: EpiVax is an immunology company and has developed comprehensive analytical capabilities in the field of computational immunology.

Sanofi Pasteur / Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Type: S protein (baculovirus production)

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Sanofi and Regeneron trial arthritis drug as coronavirus treatment. Groups join effort to repurpose existing remedies in fight against global pandemic

About: Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Paris, France, as of 2013 the world’s fifth-largest by prescription sales. The company was formed as Sanofi-Aventis in 2004, by the merger of Aventis and Sanofi-Synthélabo, which were each the product of several previous mergers.

About: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an American biotechnology company headquartered in Eastview, near Tarrytown, New York. The company was founded in 1988. Originally focused on neurotrophic factors and their regenerative capabilities, it branched out into the study of both cytokine and tyrosine kinase receptors.

Novavax

Type: Full length Strimers / nanoparticle + Matrix M

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Novavax coronavirus vaccine candidate will be manufactured in Baltimore. The Gaithersburg-based biotech company received $4 million from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, and is partnering with fellow Maryland company Emergent Biosolutions on manufacturing.

About: Novavax, Inc. is a clinical-stage vaccine company headquartered in Gaithersburg, Maryland with additional facilities in Rockville, Maryland and Uppsala, Sweden. Novavax received a US$89 million research grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for development of vaccines for maternal immunization.

Heat Biologics / University Of Miami

Type: gp-96 backbone

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Clinical and preclinical studies suggest that Heat’s gp96-based vaccines may be utilized to target COVID-19. Heat has treated more than 300 patients to date with its gp96-based therapeutic vaccines. Results from these studies together with positive outcomes in NIH and DOD-funded mouse and primate studies against SIV/HIV 1-2, malaria and zika, demonstrate that gp96 vaccines express a broad range of antigens and stimulate a robust systemic immune response, culminating in humoral and cell mediated responses in different organs including the gut, reproductive tract, liver and lungs.

About: Heat Biologics Inc. is a US biotechnology company focused on the field of cancer immunotherapy. This company’s cancer vaccine is called ImPACT, short for Immune Pan-Antigen Cytotoxic Therapy. ImPACT is in Phase II clinical trials and is being tested in NSCLC and bladder cancer.

About: The University of Miami is a private research university in Coral Gables, Florida.

University of Queensland / GSK

Type: S protein clamp

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: CEPI will coordinate engagements between GSK and entities funded by CEPI who are interested in testing their vaccine platform with GSK’s adjuvant technology to develop effective vaccines against 2019-nCoV. The first agreement to formalize this arrangement has been signed between GSK and the University of Queensland, Australia, which entered a partnering agreement with CEPI in January 2019 to develop a “molecular clamp” vaccine platform, intended to enable targeted and rapid vaccine production against multiple viral pathogens. CEPI has extended this funding to work on a 2019-nCoV virus vaccine candidate, and access to the GSK adjuvant technology will now support this early stage research.

About: The University of Queensland is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the state parliament, UQ is classed as one of the sandstone universities, an informal designation given to the oldest university in each state.

About: GSK is a science-led global healthcare company with a special purpose: to help people do more, feel better, live longer. GSK is the leading manufacturer of vaccines globally.

Baylor College of Medicine

Type: S1 or RBD protein

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: It takes time and because you have to initially do an injection in a normal human volunteers,” Dr. Hotez said. “Show that it safe and then you proceed stepwise to show that it actually works.

About: Baylor College of Medicine, located in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas, US, is a health sciences university. It includes a medical school, Baylor College of Medicine; the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; the School of Allied Health Sciences; and the National School of Tropical Medicine.

iBio / CC-Pharming

Type: Subunit protein, plant produced

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: FastPharming Technology has been used to produce antibody candidates for Ebola and Dengue fever viruses, while human and animal studies have been completed for vaccine candidates, including yellow fever virus, human papilloma virus, seasonal influenza and avian influenza. Robert B. Kay, iBio’s Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, said, “We are optimistic about the potential to combine iBio’s and CC-Pharming’s technical expertise and then deploy the FastPharming System to contribute to the development of a vaccine for this disease.”

About: iBio, Inc., is a global leader in plant-based biologics manufacturing. Its FastPharming System™ combines vertical farming, automated hydroponics, and glycan engineering technologies to rapidly deliver gram quantities of high-quality monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, bioinks and other proteins.

About: CC-Pharming Beijing, China specialized in plant molecular medicine technology research and product development using proprietary tobacco and lettuce transient expression platforms, focusing on the use of plant bioreactors for the development of animal-free, safe, high-value recombinant protein and peptide product for industrial and clinical applications.

Institute Pasteur

Type: Measles Vector

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: À l’Institut Pasteur, les chercheurs travaillent sur la mise en place d’un vaccin. L’objectif est d’aboutir à un premier vaccin dès l’automne. Pour se faire, les chercheurs se basent sur celui de la rougeole comme l’ont montré les caméras d’Envoyé Spécial. Le Covid-19 appartient en effet à la même famille de virus. Dans le laboratoire d’innovation vaccinale, cela fait un mois que les chercheurs planchent sur l’élaboration d’un vaccin. Ils vont assembler le génome du vaccin de la rougeole avec une partie de celui du coronavirus pour obtenir un dérivé de vaccin que tous les pays du monde savent produire. Une première version pourrait être disponible, au mieux, courant septembre 2020.

About: The Pasteur Institute is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who made some of the greatest breakthroughs in modern medicine at the time, including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies.

Tonix Pharma / Southern Research

Type: Horsepox vector

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Tonix is developing TNX-801 (live horsepox virus vaccine for percutaneous administration) as a potential smallpox preventing vaccine for the U.S. strategic national stockpile and as a monkeypox preventing vaccine. The Company believes that its proprietary horsepox virus has the potential to serve as a vector for vaccines to protect against other infectious agents. The new research collaboration will develop and test a potential horsepox vaccine that expresses protein from the virus that causes COVID to protect against the disease.

About: Tonix Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company based in New York City that focuses on repurposed drugs for central nervous system conditions and as of 2016 was also pursuing a biodefense project.

About: Southern Research is a not-for-profit US 501 research organization that conducts basic and applied research for commercial and non-commercial organizations across four divisions: Drug Development, Drug Discovery, Energy & Environment, and Engineering.

Fudan University / Shanghai JiaoTong University/ RNACure Biopharma

Type: LNPencapsulated mRNA cocktail encoding VLP

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: The scientists are employing two strategies to develop mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. One is to use mRNA to express the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of COVID-19 to induce neutralizing-antibodies in human body. The other, which the research team has been placing the most emphasis on, is to formulate mRNAs that can instruct the host to produce virus-like particles (VLPs), with morphological and structural features similar to those of native COVID-19 viruses and activate immune responses. After extensive optimization, the research team formulated an mRNA cocktail containing three genes of COVID-19, which produce VLPs when used to co-transfect human cells. This is the first time the world has witnessed modified mRNAs that can synthesize VLPs. Observation under an electron microscope reveals the VLPs’ close resemblance to the COVID-19 virus, suggesting it might be a good choice for the vaccine.

About: Fudan University is a major public research university in Shanghai, China. It is widely considered as one of the most prestigious and selective universities in China.

About: Shanghai Jiao Tong University is a major research university in Shanghai. Established on April 8, 1896 as Nanyang Public School by an imperial edict issued by the Guangxu Emperor, it has been referred to as “The MIT of the East” since the 1930s.

About: Messenger RNA, or mRNA is the messengers that transfer message from DNA to proteins directly. Editing mRNA means changing protein expression without any genetic modifications.

China CDC / Tongji University / Stermirna Therapeutics Co

Type: mRNA

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: The project for the development of an mRNA vaccine targeting the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been urgently approved, said Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University. The vaccine will be co-developed by the hospital and Stermirna Therapeutics Co., Ltd. Li Hangwen, CEO of Stermirna Therapeutics, said no more than 40 days will be needed to manufacture the vaccine samples based on the new generation of mRNA technology and some preliminary procedures. The production cycle of traditional vaccines can be as long as five to six months, whereas the mRNA vaccine has the advantage of a shorter development and production cycle.

About: The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is an independent agency of the National Health Commission based in Beijing, China.

About: Tongji University is a comprehensive university located in Shanghai. Established in 1907 by the German government together with German physicians in Shanghai, Tongji is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China. It is a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University.

Arcturus Therapeutics / Duke-NUS

Type: mRNA

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: “We have observed STARR technology in pre-clinical models to be effective at extraordinarily low doses — greater than 30-fold more efficient than traditional mRNA. The Arcturus manufacturing process has been applied in multiple large GMP batches of highly pure RNA in our LUNAR-OTC program. If successful, Arcturus could develop a vaccine capable of vaccinating millions of people for a fraction of the cost of traditional mRNA vaccines,” said Joseph Payne, President & CEO of Arcturus Therapeutics. “Duke-NUS has been on the front lines in the fight against COVID-19, developing the first serological tests for COVID-19 and was among the first groups to isolate and culture the virus. The partnership with Arcturus Therapeutics combines complementary strengths as we work together to fight this global outbreak,” said Professor Thomas M. Coffman, Dean of Duke-NUS Medical School.

About: Arcturus Therapeutics is an RNA medicines company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of therapeutics for rare diseases.

About: The Duke–NUS Medical School is a graduate medical school in Singapore. The school was set up in April 2005 as the Duke–NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore’s second medical school, after the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and before the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine.

Imperial College London

Type: saRNA

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Currently we have a prototype vaccine in animal models where the early results are encouraging,” Dr Robin Shattock, head of mucosal infection and immunity at the university’s Department of Infectious Disease, told The Independent. “We are hoping to progress to clinical testing by the summer depending on obtaining sufficient funds for the next stage.

About: Imperial College London is a public research university located in London. In 1851, Prince Albert built his vision of an area for culture, including the Victoria and Albert Museum, Natural History Museum, Royal Colleges, Royal Albert Hall, and the Imperial Institute.

University of Pittsburgh

Type: Unknown

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: As researchers and as an institution we have a duty to do everything we can to learn more about the novel coronavirus and develop a vaccine to help those in need,” said Arthur Levine, senior vice chancellor for the health sciences and John and Gertrude Petersen Dean of Pitt’s medical school. “The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine is one of the few institutions in the country equipped to work with this virus. True to our legacy, the Center for Vaccine research has some of the finest minds capable of taking on this challenge.

About: The University of Pittsburgh is a state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Pitt was founded as the Pittsburgh Academy in 1787 on the edge of the American frontier. It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819.

University of Saskatchewan

Type: Unknown

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: While it could take up to a year to complete, CJWW has confirmed with the University of Saskatchewan’s Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre that the vaccine is now being tested on animals. As of now, there is no timeline as to when it could be ready for human use.

About: The University of Saskatchewan is a Canadian public research university, founded on March 19, 1907, and located on the east side of the South Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.

ImmunoPrecise

Type: Unknown

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Current coronavirus vaccine strategies under development for SARS-CoV-2 are being designed to protect uninfected individuals, however, this does not address the patients with active disease. Antibody therapies represent a potentially powerful treatment option for COVID-19 patients, however, the current, proposed curative options (including polyclonal, sensitized serum or individual monoclonal antibody therapies) are potentially susceptible to escape by viral mutation and are likely not broadly effective against multiple strains, leaving segments of the population untreatable.

About: ImmunoPrecise is a full-service, therapeutic antibody discovery Contract Research Organization offering species agnostic, multi-format, characterized and engineered, human monoclonal antibodies, on an abbreviated timeframe, for its pharmaceutical clients. For further information, visit www.immunoprecise.com or contact [email protected]. There is no assurance that ImmunoPrecise will be successful in the development of a coronavirus vaccine and/or therapeutic against the new coronavirus.

MIGAL Galilee Research Institute

Type: Unknown

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: MIGAL Galilee Research Institute CEO David Zigdon said: “Given the urgent global need for a human coronavirus vaccine, we are doing everything we can to accelerate development. Our goal is to produce the coronavirus vaccine during the next eight to ten weeks and to achieve safety approval in 90 days. This will be an oral coronavirus vaccine, making it particularly accessible to the general public. We are currently in intensive discussions with potential partners that can help accelerate the in-human trials phase and expedite the completion of final product development and regulatory activities.”

About: MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute is an applied research organization specializing in the fields of biotechnology, environmental and agriculture sciences.

Doherty Institute

Type: Unknown

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Australian researchers have published the first study on the body’s immune response to coronavirus, while a human vaccine trial has commenced. “What we found was that even the COVID-19 is caused by a new virus in an otherwise healthy person, we can mount a robust immune response across different cell types,”

About: Finding solutions to prevent, treat and cure infectious diseases and understanding the complexities of microbes and the immune system requires innovative approaches and concentrated effort. This is why the University of Melbourne – a world leader in education, teaching and research excellence – and The Royal Melbourne Hospital – an internationally renowned institution providing outstanding care, research and learning – partnered to create the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute); a centre of excellence where leading scientists and clinicians collaborate to improve human health globally.

Tulane University

Type: Unknown

Stage: Pre-Clinical

Status: Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC) will launch a research programme among the National Primate Research Centers (NPRCs) to create a vaccine and evaluate therapies against the virus. The non-human primate model will be used to understand COVID-19 clinical progression, air transmission pattern and its effect on ageing populations.

About: Tulane University is a private research university in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was founded as a public medical college in 1834 and became a comprehensive university in 1847. The institution was made private under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in 1884.

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd.

Type: Treatment

Stage: Pre-clinical

Name: TAK-888

About: The Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited is a Japanese multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company. It is the largest pharmaceutical company in Asia and one of the top 20 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world by revenue.

Vir Biotechnology Inc.

Type: Treatment

Stage: Pre-clinical

About: We are a clinical-stage immunology company focused on combining immunologic insights with cutting-edge technologies to treat and prevent serious infectious diseases.